This thesis uses the specific lens: “media = styles = the act of artifice” to examine the relationship between tools, technological growth, and the graphic design process. Proposing that the act of artifice is the underlying condition of graphic design’s evolution from the honesty and clarity of modernism, to the pastiche of styles and historical references that characterize postmodernism, to the uncertainties and erosion of the questions of authorship in the age of artificial intelligence. Artifice is the invisible constant of design that explains how graphic design is a semantic craft in which we interpret and transform meaning into composed, mediated forms. Consequently, the project investigates how analog vs digital & human-made vs machine-made are no longer a dichotomy today.

The project consists of two parts: a typeface and a set of type specimens, and each part is broken down into three categories: analog (print), artifice (digital), and artificial (machine).

2025 CalArts Expo Identity design. (Co-Designer: Freeze Shi)

Because EXPO is an event unique to CalArts and open to all schools within the Institute, we took inspiration from the campus itself—using shapes of iconic CalArts objects and architecture as the core of EXPO’s visual identity, building a dynamic and friendly visual identity.